The Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Agriculture and Healthcare: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly transformed sectors like agriculture and healthcare, enabling real-time monitoring, enhanced efficiency, and improved decision-making. This review examines IoT applications in both fields, focusing on their technological advancements, challenges, and impact. In agriculture, IoT technologies, such as precision irrigation and environmental sensors, have optimized resource use and improved crop yields. In healthcare, wearable devices and telemedicine platforms have facilitated remote monitoring, enhancing patient care, especially in chronic disease management. A systematic literature review of studies from 2020 to 2025 was conducted, analyzing key publications related to IoT in agriculture and healthcare. The review reveals that while IoT solutions offer significant benefits, barriers such as high costs, security concerns, and the need for scalable solutions remain. The integration of edge computing and cloud systems has emerged as a critical area of focus, offering solutions to data processing and real-time decision-making challenges. Future research should focus on developing affordable, interoperable, and secure IoT solutions tailored to varying technological infrastructures. The review concludes that addressing scalability, security, and privacy concerns is essential to realizing the full potential of IoT in both sectors.